List of terms in glossary:
An international nomenclature developed by the World Customs Organisation (arranged in six-digit codes), allowing all participating countries to classify traded goods on a common basis. Beyond the six-digit level, countries are free to introduce national distinctions for tariffs and many other purposes. Hence, up to the HS-6 digit level, all countries using the Harmonised System classify products in the same way.
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Import duties are paid when the products enter the EU customs territory, while VAT is paid in the country where the product is sold. So, if the products arrive first in the Netherlands before reaching the final destination in France, import duties will be paid in the Netherlands, but VAT will be due in France.
In the framework of preferential trade arrangements, refers to the person or company who buys the originating product and claims preferential tariff treatment for it.
‘Importer’s knowledge’ allows the importer to claim preferential tariff treatment based on his own knowledge of the originating status of imported products in the form of supporting documents or records provided by the exporter or manufacturer of the product, which are in the importer’s possession. This information provides valid evidence that the product qualifies as originating.
International commercial terms. Eleven terms of sale accepted worldwide in assignment of costs and responsibilities between the buyer and the seller. Proposed, updated, and copyrighted by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), they serve as global standards for uniform interpretation of common contract clauses in international trade.
In brief these terms are (1) Ex Works (EXW), (2) Free Carrier (FCA), (3) Free Alongside Ship (FAS), (4) FOB (Free On Board Vessel), (5) Cost and Freight (CFR), (6) Cost, insurance and freight (CIF), (7) Carriage Paid to (CPT), (8) Carriage and Insurance Paid to (CIP), (9) Delivered At Place (DAP), Delivered At Place Unloaded (DPU), Delivered Duty Paid (DDP).
Operations regarded as too minor to confer originating status to non-originating materials that are used in the production. All preferential rules of origin contain an article defining such operations. These are e.g. simple mixing, simple assembly of parts, and ironing of textiles. On the other hand, insufficient operations are important for cumulation as they set the minimal level of processing that has to be carried out and impact the allocation of origin to the product.
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The insurance certificate specifies the value of the goods and the insurance premium.
VAT and other duties applicable to a given product inside the country concerned.
International agreement setting international standards for plant health measures. These standards, directives and recommendations are recognised as global references by the World Trade Organisation (WTO), in particular the Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS).