List of terms in glossary:
Requirement for a minimum percentage of a good to be produced in the producer’s local region, in order to qualify as originating.
The system of certification of origin of goods that applies for the Generalised System of Preference (GSP) of the European Union since 1 January 2017. It is based on a principle of self-declaration of conformity by economic operators, who complete themselves so-called statements on origin.To be entitled to make out a statement on origin, economic operators will have to be registered in a database by the competent authorities of the country where they are operating their business. The economic operator will become a "registered exporter".
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Rules of origin are the criteria needed to determine the national source of a product. Their importance is derived from the fact that duties and restrictions in several cases depend upon the source of imports. Rules of origin differ widely from country to country and from trade agreement to trade agreement While the requirement of substantial transformation is universally recognised, some countries or trade agreements apply the criterion of change of tariff classification, others the ad valorem percentage criterion and yet others the criterion of manufacturing or processing operation.
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Safeguard measures can be taken when an industry is affected by an unforeseen, sharp and sudden increase of imports of a given product and producers cannot reasonably be expected to adapt immediately to the changed trade situation. It differs from the anti-dumping and anti-subsidy instruments in that it does not deal with unfairly traded imports, thus applying to all countries exporting the product.
Rules, measures and regulations designed to protect human, animal and plant life and health, from risks arising from additives, contaminants, toxins or disease-causing organisms. They ensure food is safe for consumption.
Administrative document used in the EU for trade with non-EU countries and for the movement of non-EU goods within the EU. The SAD ensures openness in national administrative requirements, rationalises and reduces paperwork, minimises the amount of information asked for, standardises and harmonises data.
Southern African Development Community
Tariff levied on imports, defined in terms of a specific amount per unit, such as cents per kilogram. By contrast, an ad valorem duty is a charge levied on imports defined in terms of a fixed percentage of value.
Sub-Saharan Africa is, geographically, the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara. The UN Development Program lists 46 of Africa's 54 countries as "sub-Saharan", excluding Algeria, Djibouti, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Somalia, Sudan and Tunisia.
Subsidies are when a government provides unfair financial assistance to its companies to produce or export goods at artificially low prices. The subsidies must be specific i.e. given to a particular company, group of companies, sector or region.